Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) include seminoma and nonseminoma. Chance of cure is excellent for clinical stage I disease regardless of whether adjuvant treatment or a surveillance strategy with treatment only for those who relapse is used. Risk of recurrence is greater in nonseminoma with evidence of lymphovascular invasion, but most can be salvaged with chemotherapy and survival rates remain high. This article outlines key pathologic and clinical considerations in clinical stage I seminoma, nonseminoma, advanced disease, and assessment of cancer of unknown primary as a potential GCT.
Surgical pathology clinics. 2015 Dec [Epub]
Brandon Bernard, Christopher J Sweeney
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, D1230, Boston, MA 02215, USA., Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, D1230, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Electronic address: .