Currently, ~95% of patients with testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) are cured, resulting in an increasing number of TGCT survivors. Although cured, these men face potential late adverse effects and reduced quality of life. Survivors face a twofold increased risk of second malignant neoplasms after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with evidence of dose-dependent associations. For survivors managed with surveillance or treated with radiotherapy, the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is comparable to the risk in the general population, whereas treatment with chemotherapy increases the risk of life-threatening CVD, especially during treatment and after 10 years of follow-up. Other adverse effects are organ-related toxicities such as neuropathy and ototoxicity. Pulmonary and renal impairment in patients with TGCT treated with chemotherapy is limited. Survivors of TGCT might experience psychosocial distress including anxiety disorders, fear of cancer recurrence and TGCT-specific issues, such as sexual dysfunction. Late adverse effects can be avoided in most patients with stage I disease if followed on a surveillance programme. However, patients with disseminated disease can experience toxicities associated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and/or adverse effects related to surgery for residual disease. The severity of adverse effects increases with dose of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This Review discusses the most recent data concerning the late adverse effects of today's standard treatments for TGCT.
Nature reviews. Urology. 2021 Mar 08 [Epub ahead of print]
Michal Chovanec, Jakob Lauritsen, Mikkel Bandak, Christoph Oing, Gry Gundgaard Kier, Michael Kreiberg, Josephine Rosenvilde, Thomas Wagner, Carsten Bokemeyer, Gedske Daugaard
2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia., Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark., Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany., Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. .