Perirenal Fat Promotes Renal Arterial Endothelial Dysfunction in Obese Swine through Tumor Necrosis Factor-a
Materials and Methods: We studied 14 domestic pigs after 16 weeks of a high fat/ high fructose diet (obesity-metabolic derangement group) or standard chow (lean group). Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and visceral fat volumes were studied in vivo by computerized tomography. Renal arterial endothelial function was also studied ex vivo in organ baths.
Results: Pigs with obesity-metabolic derangements demonstrated increased body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol and intra-abdominal fat compared to lean pigs and perirenal fat volume was significantly larger. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were markedly elevated while urinary protein level was preserved. Ex vivo acetylcholine induced, endothelium dependent vasodila- tion of renal artery rings was substantially impaired in pigs with obesity- metabolic derangements compared to lean pigs. Endothelial function was further blunted in obesity-metabolic derangement and lean arterial rings by incubation with perirenal fat harvested from pigs with obesity-metabolic de- rangements but not from lean pigs. It was restored by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-a. Perirenal fat from pigs with obesity-metabolic derangements also showed increased pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration and tumor necrosis factor-a expression.
Conclusions: In pigs with obesity-metabolic derangements perirenal fat directly causes renal artery endothelial dysfunction, which is partly mediated by tumor necrosis factor-a.
Written By: Shuangtao Ma, Xiang-Yang Zhu, Alfonso Eirin, John R. Woollard, Kyra L. Jordan, Hui Tang, Amir Lerman and Lilach O. Lerman*
From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (SM, XYZ, AE, JRW, KLJ, HT) and Cardiovascular Diseases (AL), Mayo Clinic (LOL), Rochester, Minnesota, and Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital (SM), Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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