BACKGROUND - Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a primary treatment option for men with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. Although many are effectively cured with local therapy alone, these men are by definition at higher risk of adverse pathologic features and clinical disease recurrence. It has been shown that the Decipher test predicts metastatic progression in cohorts that received adjuvant and salvage therapy following RP.
OBJECTIVE - To evaluate the Decipher genomic classifier in a natural history cohort of men at risk who received no additional treatment until the time of metastatic progression.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS - Retrospective case-cohort design for 356 men who underwent RP between 1992 and 2010 at intermediate or high risk and received no additional treatment until the time of metastasis. Participants met the following criteria: (1) Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment postsurgical (CAPRA-S) score ≥3; (2) pathologic Gleason score ≥7; and (3) post-RP prostate-specific antigen nadir
OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS - The primary endpoint was defined as regional or distant metastases. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, extension of decision curve analysis to survival data, and univariable and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models were used to measure the discrimination, net benefit, and prognostic potential of genomic and pathologic risk factors. Cumulative incidence curves were constructed using Fine-Gray competing-risks analysis with appropriate weighting of the controls to account for the case-cohort study design.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS - Ninety six patients had unavailable tumor blocks or failed microarray quality control. Decipher scores were then obtained for 260 patients, of whom 99 experienced metastasis. Decipher correlated with increased cumulative incidence of biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and prostate cancer-specific mortality (p<0.01). The cumulative incidence of metastasis was 12% and 47% for patients with low and high Decipher scores, respectively, at 10 yr after RP. Decipher was independently prognostic of metastasis in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio 1.26 per 10% increase; p<0.01). Decipher had a c-index of 0.76 and increased the c-index of Eggener and CAPRA-S risk models from 0.76 and 0.77 to 0.86 and 0.87, respectively, at 10 yr after RP. Although the cohort was large, the single-center retrospective design is an important limitation.
CONCLUSIONS - In a patient population that received no adjuvant or salvage therapy after prostatectomy until metastatic progression, higher Decipher scores correlated with clinical events, and inclusion of Decipher scores improved the prognostic performance of validated clinicopathologic risk models. These results confirm the utility already reported for Decipher.
PATIENT SUMMARY - The Decipher test improves identification of patients most at risk of metastatic progression and death from prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
Eur Urol. 2015 Jun 6. pii: S0302-2838(15)00444-3. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.05.042. [Epub ahead of print]
Ross AE1, Johnson MH2, Yousefi K3, Davicioni E3, Netto GJ1, Marchionni L4, Fedor HL2, Glavaris S2, Choeurng V3, Buerki C3, Erho N3, Lam LL3, Humphreys EB2, Faraj S5, Bezerra SM5, Han M2, Partin AW2, Trock BJ2, Schaeffer EM6.
1 James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
2 James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
3 GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
4 Department of Cancer Biology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
5 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
6 James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.