to date, no standardized, evidence-based follow-up schemes exist for the monitoring of patients who underwent focal therapy (FT) and expert centers rely mainly on their own experience and/or institutional protocols. We aimed to perform a comprehensive review of the most advantageous follow-up strategies and their rationale after FT for prostate cancer (PCa).
a narrative review of the literature was conducted to investigate different follow-up protocols of FT for PCa. Outcomes of interest were post-ablation oncological and functional outcomes and complications.
Oncological success after FT was generally defined as the biopsy-confirmed absence of clinically significant PCa in the treated zone. De novo PCa in the untreated area usually reflects an inaccurate patient selection and should be treated as primary PCa. During follow-up, oncological outcomes should be evaluated with periodic PSA, multiparametric MRI and prostate biopsy. The use of PSA derivatives and new biomarkers is still controversial and therefore not recommended. The first MRI after FT should be performed between 6-12 months to avoid ablation-related artifacts and diagnostic delay in case of FT failure. Other imaging modalities, such as PSMA PET/CT scan, are promising but still need to be validated in the post-FT setting. A 12-month "for-protocol" prostate biopsy, including targeted and systematic biopsy, was generally considered the preferred biopsy method to rule out tumor persistence/recurrence. Subsequent mpMRIs and biopsies should follow a risk-adapted approach depending on the clinical scenario. Functional outcomes should be periodically assessed using validated questionnaires within the first year, when typically recover to a new baseline. Complications, despite uncommon, should be strictly monitored mainly in the first month.
FT follow-up is a multifaceted process involving clinical, radiological, and histological assessment. Studies evaluating the impact of different follow-up strategies and ideal timings are needed to produce standardized protocols following FT.
Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases. 2024 Oct 04 [Epub ahead of print]
Giancarlo Marra, Alessandro Marquis, Michel Suberville, Henry Woo, Alexander Govorov, Andres Hernandez-Porras, Kamran Bhatti, Baris Turkbey, Aaron E Katz, Thomas J Polascik
Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, Molinette Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy., Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, Molinette Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy. ., Department of Urology, Pôle Saint Germain Centre Hospitalier de Brive, Brive la Gaillarde, France., Department of Urology, Blacktown Mount Druitt Hospitals, Blacktown, NSW, Australia., Department of Urology of ROSUNIMED, Botkin Hospital, Moscow, Russia., HoPe Robotic Urology, Hospital Angeles, Tijuana, Mexico., Urology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Alkhor, Qatar., Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA., Department of Urology, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Garden City, NY, USA., Department of Urology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.