The role of nuclear medicine tracers for prostate cancer surgery: from preoperative to intraoperative setting.

There has been a growing interest in the use of novel molecular imaging modalities for the management of prostate cancer (PCa), spanning from diagnostic to therapeutic settings. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recently published studies investigating the use of novel nuclear medicine tracers across different stages of PCa management.

Emerging evidence supports the use of molecular imaging for preoperative staging of PCa, where prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET has shown superior accuracy compared to conventional imaging for the detection of nodal and distant metastases, which needs to be translated to new risk stratification. A role for PSMA PET has been proposed for PCa diagnosis, with local activity associated with histology. Surgical guidance, using either visual feedback or gamma-ray detectors to identify tissues with accumulated radio-labeled tracers, may improve the ability to resect locoregional diseases and thus maximize oncological control. PSMA targeted therapy (Lu-PSMA) has been mainly investigated in the castration-resistant setting, but might have a role in earlier settings such as neoadjuvant treatment.

Novel molecular imaging using PSMA-based tracers could significantly improve PCa management in the diagnosis, staging, and intraoperative guidance settings, potentially leading to personalized and effective treatment decisions.

Current opinion in urology. 2023 Aug 03 [Epub ahead of print]

Francesco Barletta, Francesco Ceci, Roderick C N van den Bergh, Pawel Rajwa, Francesco Montorsi, Alberto Briganti, Giorgio Gandaglia, EAU-YAU Prostate Cancer Working Party

Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, Gianfranco Soldera Prostate Cancer Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University., Division of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Department of Urology, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.