Current standard of care for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer supplements androgen deprivation therapy with either docetaxel, second-generation hormonal therapy, or radiotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of abiraterone plus prednisone, with or without radiotherapy, in addition to standard of care.
We conducted an open-label, randomised, phase 3 study with a 2 × 2 factorial design (PEACE-1) at 77 hospitals across Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, Romania, Spain, and Switzerland. Eligible patients were male, aged 18 years or older, with histologically confirmed or cytologically confirmed de novo metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1 (or 2 due to bone pain). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to standard of care (androgen deprivation therapy alone or with intravenous docetaxel 75 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks), standard of care plus radiotherapy, standard of care plus abiraterone (oral 1000 mg abiraterone once daily plus oral 5 mg prednisone twice daily), or standard of care plus radiotherapy plus abiraterone. Neither the investigators nor the patients were masked to treatment allocation. The coprimary endpoints were radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival. Abiraterone efficacy was first assessed in the overall population and then in the population who received androgen deprivation therapy with docetaxel as standard of care (population of interest). This study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01957436.
Between Nov 27, 2013, and Dec 20, 2018, 1173 patients were enrolled (one patient subsequently withdrew consent for analysis of his data) and assigned to receive standard of care (n=296), standard of care plus radiotherapy (n=293), standard of care plus abiraterone (n=292), or standard of care plus radiotherapy plus abiraterone (n=291). Median follow-up was 3·5 years (IQR 2·8-4·6) for radiographic progression-free survival and 4·4 years (3·5-5·4) for overall survival. Adjusted Cox regression modelling revealed no interaction between abiraterone and radiotherapy, enabling the pooled analysis of abiraterone efficacy. In the overall population, patients assigned to receive abiraterone (n=583) had longer radiographic progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0·54, 99·9% CI 0·41-0·71; p<0·0001) and overall survival (0·82, 95·1% CI 0·69-0·98; p=0·030) than patients who did not receive abiraterone (n=589). In the androgen deprivation therapy with docetaxel population (n=355 in both with abiraterone and without abiraterone groups), the HRs were consistent (radiographic progression-free survival 0·50, 99·9% CI 0·34-0·71; p<0·0001; overall survival 0·75, 95·1% CI 0·59-0·95; p=0·017). In the androgen deprivation therapy with docetaxel population, grade 3 or worse adverse events occurred in 217 (63%) of 347 patients who received abiraterone and 181 (52%) of 350 who did not; hypertension had the largest difference in occurrence (76 [22%] patients and 45 [13%], respectively). Addition of abiraterone to androgen deprivation therapy plus docetaxel did not increase the rates of neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, or neuropathy compared with androgen deprivation therapy plus docetaxel alone.
Combining androgen deprivation therapy, docetaxel, and abiraterone in de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer improved overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival with a modest increase in toxicity, mostly hypertension. This triplet therapy could become a standard of care for these patients.
Janssen-Cilag, Ipsen, Sanofi, and the French Government.
Lancet (London, England). 2022 Apr 08 [Epub ahead of print]
Karim Fizazi, Stéphanie Foulon, Joan Carles, Guilhem Roubaud, Ray McDermott, Aude Fléchon, Bertrand Tombal, Stéphane Supiot, Dominik Berthold, Philippe Ronchin, Gabriel Kacso, Gwenaëlle Gravis, Fabio Calabro, Jean-François Berdah, Ali Hasbini, Marlon Silva, Antoine Thiery-Vuillemin, Igor Latorzeff, Loïc Mourey, Brigitte Laguerre, Sophie Abadie-Lacourtoisie, Etienne Martin, Claude El Kouri, Anne Escande, Alvar Rosello, Nicolas Magne, Friederike Schlurmann, Frank Priou, Marie-Eve Chand-Fouche, Salvador Villà Freixa, Muhammad Jamaluddin, Isabelle Rieger, Alberto Bossi, PEACE-1 investigators
Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France. Electronic address: ., Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Oncostat U1018, Inserm, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France., Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain., Institut Bergonié 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, France., Cancer Trials Ireland, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland., Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France., Clinique Universitaire St Luc, Brussels, Belgium., Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France., Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland., Centre Azureen de Cancerologie, Mougins, France., Amethyst Radiotherapy Center, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, CRCM, Marseille, France., San Camillo Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy., Clinique Sainte Marguerite, Hyeres, France., Clinique Pasteur, Brest, France., Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France., CHU Jean Minjoz, Besancon, France., Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France., IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France., Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France., Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Angers, France., Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France., Centre Catherine de Sienne, Nantes, France., Strasbourg Oncologie Libérale, Strasbourg, France., Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain., Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, St Priest en Jarez, France., CHIC Quimper, Quimper, France., CHD Vendée, La Roche sur Yon, France., Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France., Institut Català d'Oncologia, Cap de Servei Oncologia Radioteràpica, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain., Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland., Unicancer, Paris, France., Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.