INTRODUCTION:Chronic oxidative stress is one of the major factors playing an important role in radiation-induced normal tissue injury.
However, the role of oxidative stress in radiation-induced erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been fully investigated. Aims. To investigate role of oxidative stress after prostate-confined irradiation in a rat model of radiation-induced ED.
METHODS:Fifty-four young adult male rats (10-12 weeks of age) were divided into age-matched sham radiotherapy (RT) and RT groups. Irradiated animals received prostate-confined radiation in a single 20 Gy fraction.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurements with cavernous nerve electrical stimulation were conducted at 2, 4, and 9 weeks following RT. The protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits (Nox4 and gp91phox), markers of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]), lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynonenal [4HNE]), and inflammatory response including inducible nitric oxide synthase, macrophage activation (ED-1), and nitrotyrosine, and endogenous antioxidant defense by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) were evaluated in irradiated prostate tissue and corpora cavernosa (CC). In addition, we investigated the relationships between results of ICP/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratios and expression level of oxidative stress markers.
RESULTS: In the RT group, hemodynamic functional studies demonstrated a significant time-dependent decrease in ICP. Increased expression of Nox4, gp91phox, 8-OHdG, and 4HNE were observed in the prostate and CC after RT. Similarly, expressions of inflammatory markers were significantly increased. There was a trend for increased Nrf2 after 4 weeks. ICP/MAP ratio negatively correlated with higher expression level of oxidative markers.
CONCLUSION: NADPH oxidase activation and chronic oxidative stress were observed in irradiated prostate tissue and CC, which correlated with lower ICP/MAP ratio. Persistent inflammatory responses were also found in both tissues after RT. These findings suggest that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of radiation-induced ED.
Written by:
Kimura M, Rabbani ZN, Zodda AR, Yan H, Jackson IL, Polascik TJ, Donatucci CF, Moul JW, Vujaskovic Z, Koontz BF. Are you the author?
Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Duke Prostate Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Reference: J Sex Med. 2012 Jun;9(6):1535-49.
doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02716.x
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 22489731
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