Methods: After being subjected to water avoidance stress or a sham procedure, rats underwent metabolic cage analysis and cystometrography. Real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was carried out to examine cyclooxygenase-2 messenger ribonucleic acid in bladders of rats. Protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was analyzed with immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Furthermore, the effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, etodolac, were investigated by carrying out cystometrography, immunohistochemistry and western blotting.
Results: Metabolic cage analysis and cystometrography showed significantly shorter intervals and less volume of voiding in water avoidance stress rats. Significantly higher expression of cyclooxygenase-2 messenger ribonucleic acid was verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting showed significantly higher cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels in water avoidance stress bladders. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed high cyclooxygenase-2 expression exclusively in smooth muscle cells. All water avoidance stress-induced changes were reduced by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor pretreatment.
Conclusions: Chronic stress might cause frequency through cyclooxygenase-2 gene upregulation in bladder smooth muscle cells. Further study of cyclooxygenase-2 in the water avoidance stress bladder might provide novel therapeutic modalities for interstitial cystitis.
Written by:
Yamamoto K, Takao T, Nakayama J, Kiuchi H, Okuda H, Fukuhara S, Yoshioka I, Matsuoka Y, Miyagawa Y, Tsujimura A, Nonomura N. Are you the author?
Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Reference: Int J Urol. 2011 Dec 5. Epub ahead of print.
doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02905.x
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 22142485
UroToday.com Investigational Urology Section
