Radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer has been associated with an increased risk for the development of bladder cancer. We aimed to integrate clinical and genomic data to better understand the development of RT-associated bladder cancer. A retrospective analysis was performed to identify control (CTRL; n= 41) and RT-associated (n=41) bladder cancer patients. RT and CTRL specific features were then identified through integration and analysis of the genomic sequencing data and clinical variables. RT-associated bladder tumors were significantly enriched for alterations in KDM6A and ATM, while CTRL tumors were enriched for CDKN2A mutation. Globally, there was an increased number of variants within RT tumors, albeit at a lower variant allele frequency. Mutational signature analysis revealed three predominate motif patterns, with similarity to SBS2/13 (APOBEC3A), SBS5 (ERCC2/Smoking) and SBS6/15 (MMR). Poor prognostic factors in the RT cohort include, a short tumor latency, smoking status, the presence of the smoking and XRT mutational signatures, and CDKN2A copy number loss. Based on the clinical and genomic findings, we suggest, at least two potential pathways leading to RT-associated bladder cancer; the first, occurs in the setting of field cancerization, related to smoking or pre-existing genetic alterations and leads to the development of more aggressive bladder tumors, and the second, in which RT initiates the oncogenic process in otherwise healthy urothelium, leading to a longer latency and less aggressive disease.
Cancer research communications. 2024 Aug 08 [Epub ahead of print]
N Ari Wijetunga, Kathryn H Gessner, Krishna Kanchi, Jay A Moore, Zoe Fleischmann, Dexter X Jin, Garrett M Frampton, Michael Sturdivant, Michael Repka, Shivani Sud, David L Corcoran, Matthew D Galsky, Matthew I Milowsky, Sara E Wobker, William Y Kim, Tracy L Rose, Jeffrey S Damrauer
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States., University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States., Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States., Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, United States., Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States., Department of Radiation Oncology University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States., Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.