This comprehensive review critically examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers. These cutting-edge technologies are revolutionizing the landscape of cancer care, enhancing both precision and personalization in medical treatments. Our review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest advancements in AI and radiomics, with a specific focus on their roles in urological oncology. We discuss how AI and radiomics have notably improved the accuracy of diagnosis and staging in bladder cancer, especially through advanced imaging techniques like multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and CT scans. These tools are pivotal in assessing muscle invasiveness and pathological grades, critical elements in formulating treatment plans. In the realm of kidney cancer, AI and radiomics aid in distinguishing between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes and grades. The integration of radiogenomics offers a comprehensive view of disease biology, leading to tailored therapeutic approaches. Prostate cancer diagnosis and management have also seen substantial benefits from these technologies. AI-enhanced MRI has significantly improved tumor detection and localization, thereby aiding in more effective treatment planning. The review also addresses the challenges in integrating AI and radiomics into clinical practice, such as the need for standardization, ensuring data quality, and overcoming the "black box" nature of AI. We emphasize the importance of multicentric collaborations and extensive studies to enhance the applicability and generalizability of these technologies in diverse clinical settings. In conclusion, AI and radiomics represent a major paradigm shift in oncology, offering more precise, personalized, and patient-centric approaches to cancer care. While their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, patient outcomes, and our understanding of cancer biology is profound, challenges in clinical integration and application persist. We advocate for continued research and development in AI and radiomics, underscoring the need to address existing limitations to fully leverage their capabilities in the field of oncology.
Cancers. 2024 Feb 16*** epublish ***
Georgios Feretzakis, Patrick Juliebø-Jones, Arman Tsaturyan, Tarik Emre Sener, Vassilios S Verykios, Dimitrios Karapiperis, Themistoklis Bellos, Stamatios Katsimperis, Panagiotis Angelopoulos, Ioannis Varkarakis, Andreas Skolarikos, Bhaskar Somani, Lazaros Tzelves
School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece., Department of Urology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway., European Association of Urology, Young Academic Urologists, Urolithiasis Group, NL-6803 Arnhem, The Netherlands., School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece., Second Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece., Department of Urology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.