To evaluate vitamin D supplementation for preventing or treating overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary incontinence (UI) in men.
Ancillary study of men aged ≥55 years in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL). Randomized treatments included: vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), marine omega-3 fatty acids, or matching placebo. Structured UI questions measured the prevalence of OAB at year 5, and UI at years 2 and 5, along with incidence and progression of UI from years 2 to 5. Pre-specified subgroup analyses examined men with low baseline serum vitamin D [25(OH)D<20 ng/mL].
Among the 11,486 men who provided data at year 2 and 10,474 at year 5, mean age was 68 years at Year 2, with 23% racial/ethnic minorities. In primary analyses, vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo did not lower odds of OAB at year 5 (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87-1.08), or weekly UI at year 2 (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.05) or year 5 (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.88-1.09). We found interactions of baseline serum 25(OH)D level with vitamin D supplementation for OAB (p-interaction=0.001), and secondarily, for any UI at year 2 (p-interaction=0.05). Men with baseline 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL, who were assigned to vitamin D supplements, had lower odds of OAB (OR 0.51, 0.35-0.76) compared to placebo, yet higher odds of any UI (OR 1.24, 0.93-1.64).
Overall, vitamin D supplementation did not improve OAB, or UI, compared to placebo. However, specific use of vitamin D in men with lower 25(OH)D levels had inconsistent findings.
The Journal of urology. 2022 Sep 06 [Epub ahead of print]
Alayne D Markland, Camille Vaughan, Alison J Huang, Eunjung Kim, Vadim Y Bubes, Vin Tangpricha, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, Nancy Cook, JoAnn E Manson, Francine Grodstein
Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama and Atlanta, Georgia., University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California., Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.