The Impact of Vaginal Probiotics on Pessary Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Importance: Pessary-related adverse effects are common, and treatment options are limited. Probiotics may improve pessary-related adverse effects by altering the vaginal microenvironment.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a vaginal probiotic suppository on the vaginal microenvironment among pessary users.

Study design: Women who used pessaries were randomized to vaginal probiotic suppository use versus without use. The intervention was a vaginal probiotic suppository and moisturizing vaginal gel. The vaginal microenvironment was assessed using Gram stain and Nugent's criteria at baseline and 3 months by a microbiologist blinded to group allocation. Symptoms and experience with use of the probiotic were assessed using questionnaires. The primary outcome was change in lactobacilli count on Nugent subscore at 3 months.

Results: A total of 147 postmenopausal women were randomized (86 to the intervention arm and 61 to the control arm), and 124 (87.9%) presented for a 3-month follow-up. There was no difference between the arms in age, race, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. A majority of participants had the pessary managed by the health care professional (intervention arm vs control arm, 46 [76.7%] vs 55 [68.8%]; P = 0.30). Composition of the vaginal microenvironment did not differ with or without probiotic treatment at 3 months. Bother from vaginal symptoms, including discharge, itching, and discomfort, did not differ between arms. Adverse effects from the intervention were minor, resolved with discontinuation, and occurred at 39.1%.

Conclusion: Vaginal probiotic suppository use did not affect the composition of the vaginal microenvironment, patient satisfaction, or vaginal symptoms after 3 months of use in pessary users.

Elisabeth C Sappenfield,1 Colleen Mellen,1 Jennifer Wilcox,1 Deirdre Elizabeth O'Hanlon,2 David M O'Sullivan,3 Elena Tunitsky-Bitton1

  1. From the Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT.
  2. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Baltimore, MD.
  3. Department of Research Administration, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT.
Source: Sappenfield EC, Mellen C, Wilcox J, et al. The Impact of Vaginal Probiotics on Pessary Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Urogynecology (Phila). 2024. 30(1):50-58. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000001379.