OBJECTIVE: To determine (1) the frequency of testosterone (T) use in 2 academic male infertility practices, (2) the effect on semen parameters, and (3) the potential for reversibility.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective review. Inclusion criteria were supplemental T usage at the time of initial visit, T cessation, and semen analyses before and after T cessation.
RESULTS: From January 2005 to March 2011, 110 of 1540 patients evaluated for infertility (7.1%) were on supplemental T. Thirty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two of 39 patients (56%) were started on medical recovery by medical treatment. Median sperm concentration increased from 0 to 6.3 million/mL (P < .0001) after T cessation, with median follow-up of 4.5 months. Eight men (21%) remained azoospermic, and 3 men had sperm concentrations of ≤ 0.1 million/mL. Fifteen of 22 men given medical treatment and 16 of 17 men given no treatment had sperm return to the semen, respectively (P = .1061). Final sperm concentration did not differ between those who received medical treatment and those who did not.
CONCLUSION: Exogenous T treatment causes infertility and is common among reproductive-aged men. These effects are transient for some, but not all men had return of sperm to the semen during the study interval, suggesting a possible underlying primary testicular dysfunction or ongoing hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis suppression. Education about exogenous T's negative reproductive effects is necessary to avoid this preventable form of infertility. Men with low T levels should have sufficient evaluation to evaluate for underlying pathology before starting T.
Written by:
Kolettis PN, Purcell ML, Parker W, Poston T, Nangia AK. Are you the author?
Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.
Reference: Urology. 2015 Mar 24. pii: S0090-4295(15)00105-3.
doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.12.052
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 25819620