To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of kidney stones among adults in China.
A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among persons aged 18 and older across China from May 2013 to July 2014. Participants underwent urinary tract ultrasonographic examinations, questionnaires, and provided blood and urine samples to analyze. Kidney stones were defined as particles in size of 4 mm or greater. Prevalence was defined as the proportion of participants with kidney stone and binary logistic regression was used to estimate the associated factors.
A total of 12570 individuals (45.2% men) with an average age of 48.8±15.3 (18-96) years were selected and invited to participate in the study. And 9310 (40.7% men) individuals completed the investigation, with a response rate of 74.1%. The prevalence of kidney stones was 6.4% (95% confidence interval (CI):5.9, 6.9), and the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence was 5.8% (95% CI: 5.3, 6.3; 6.5% in men and 5.1% in women). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male, rural residents, age, family history of urinary stones, concurrent with diabetes mellitus and hyperuricemia, increased consumption of meat, and excessive sweating were all statistical significantly associated with increased risk of kidney stones. By contrast, consumed more tea, legume, and fermented vinegar were statistical significantly associated with decreased risk of kidney stones formation CONCLUSION: Kidney stones are common disease among Chinese adults and about one in seventeen adults are affected currently. Some Chinese dietary habits may lower risk of kidney stones formation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
BJU international. 2017 Feb 25 [Epub ahead of print]
Guohua Zeng, Zanlin Mai, Shujie Xia, Zhiping Wang, Keqin Zhang, Li Wang, Yongfu Long, Jinxiang Ma, Yi Li, Show P Wan, Wenqi Wu, Yongda Liu, Zelin Cui, Zhijian Zhao, Jing Qin, Tao Zeng, Yang Liu, Xiaolu Duan, Xin Mai, Zhou Yang, Zhenzhen Kong, Tao Zhang, Chao Cai, Yi Shao, Zhongjin Yue, Shujing Li, Jiandong Ding, Shan Tang, Zhangqun Ye
Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China., Department of Urology, Shanghai First People Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China., Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China., Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Changzhi, Changzhi, Shanxi, China., Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan, China., Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China., School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, the United States., Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.