To evaluate metabolic abnormalities in a contemporary pediatric population after their first stone episode. The incidence of pediatric nephrolithiasis is increasing and therefore the etiologies contributing to today's pediatric stone formation may also be changing.
A retrospective review of all consecutive children presenting after their first kidney stone between 2000-2014 was performed. We compared demographic data, serum chemistry results and 24-hour urine results and treatments.
One hundred thirteen children with a mean age of 11 years (5 months to 18 years) years who presented with their first kidney stone episode between 2000-2014 were evaluated. Sixteen patients (14%) were found to have an underlying genetic and systemic disease (UGSD). Overall, there was a low rate of serum chemistry abnormalities. The most common abnormalities found within the 24-hour urine evaluation included low urine volume (89%) and hypocitraturia (68%). Hypercalciuria occurred rarely (11%).
We identified a low rate of underlying genetic and systemic diseases contributing to modern pediatric stone presentation and an increased proportion of idiopathic stones. Our study differs from historical findings by identifying a low rate of hypercalciuria and a high rate of low urine volume and hypocitraturia, suggestive of changing metabolic abnormalities contributing to modern pediatric stone disease.
Urology. 2016 Nov 09 [Epub ahead of print]
Mark Bevill, Ambika Kattula, Christopher S Cooper, Douglas W Storm
Department of Urology, University of Iowa., Department of Urology, University of Iowa. Electronic address: .