Evaluation of stone formers should include careful attention to medications, past medical history, social history, family history, dietary evaluation, occupation, and laboratory evaluation. Laboratory evaluation requires at least serum chemistries and urinalysis. Twenty-four-hour urine collections are most appropriate for patients with recurrent stones or complex medical histories. However, these collections may be appropriate for some first-time stone formers, including those with comorbidities or large stones. Although twin studies demonstrate that heritability accounts for at least 50% of the kidney stone phenotype, the responsible genes are not clearly identified, and so genetic testing is rarely indicated.
Written by:
Goldfarb DS, Arowojolu O. Are you the author?
New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Reference: Urol Clin North Am. 2013 Feb;40(1):13-20.
doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.09.007
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 23177631
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