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Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases

PET imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer: current state of the art and future challenges

BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell surface enzyme that is highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and is currently being extensively explored as a promising target for molecular imaging in a variety of clinical contexts. Novel antibody and small-molecule PSMA radiotracers labeled with a variety of radionuclides for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging applications have been developed and explored in recent studies.

Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and dementia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to treat prostate cancer may be associated with an increased risk of dementia, but existing studies have shown conflicting results. Here we synthesize the literature on the association of ADT for the treatment of prostate cancer with dementia risk.

From the Desk of the Associate Editor: Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and dementia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) causes a host of well-recognized side effects. Recent epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that ADT may also be associated with dementia and cognitive impairment. Potential physiological explanations for these observations include altered neuron growth and axonal regeneration, increased ß-amyloid protein levels, and exacerbation of cardio-metabolic disease (including but not limited to cerebrovascular disease), all of which may occur in an androgen-deprived state.

From the Desk of the Associate Editor: Radium-223 Radiographic Response

Radium-223 is a novel alpha emitting radiopharmaceutical with bone tropism, now FDA approved for men with symptomatic bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.  Approval was based on the survival benefit observed in the phase 3 ALSYMPCA trial over best supportive care, which included oral steroids or hormonal therapies, bone anti-resorptive therapy, and palliative radiation.

Imaging Response During Therapy with Radium-223 For Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Bone Metastases—Analysis Of An International Multicenter Database

BACKGROUND: The imaging response to radium-223 therapy is at present poorly described. We aimed to describe the imaging response to radium-223 treatment.

METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the computed tomography (CT) and bone scintigraphy response of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients treated with radium-223, in eight centers in three countries.

From the Desk of the Editor: Testing in Localized Prostate Cancer

In an era when all men got radiation or surgery, there was no need for risk stratification. However, as newer options became introduced, risk stratification became essential. Towards that effort, PSA, tumor grade, and stage have been the backbone of prostate cancer risk stratification for over 20 years. However, in an era of active surveillance for low-risk disease and multi-modal therapy for high-risk disease, it is clear that they are often not good enough. 

Which, when and why? Rational use of tissue-based molecular testing in localized prostate cancer

Abstract

An increased molecular understanding of localized prostate cancer and the improved ability for molecular testing of pathologic tissue has led to the development of multiple clinical assays. Here we review the relevant molecular biology of localized prostate cancer, currently available tissue-based tests and describe which is best supported for use in various clinical scenarios. Literature regarding testing of human prostate cancer tissue with Ki-67, PTEN (by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluroescence in situ hybridization (FISH)), ProMark, Prolaris, OncotypeDX Prostate and Decipher was reviewed to allow for generation of expert opinions.

Increasing incidence of metastatic prostate cancer in the United States (2004–2013).

Abstract
Background:
Changes in prostate cancer screening practices in the United States have led to recent declines in overall incidence, but it is unknown whether relaxed screening has led to changes in the incidence of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer at diagnosis.

From the Desk of the Editor: Increasing incidence of metastatic prostate cancer in the United States

PSA screening is the backbone of early prostate cancer detection in the United States and increasingly in other parts of the world too. Due to concerns about over-detection and over-treatment of indolent disease (i.e. harms), PSA screening is controversial, despite level 1 evidence that screening vs. no screening can reduce the risk of death from prostate cancer (i.e. benefits).
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